Workshop II: Subject

Zoom (Global), April 14, 2023

The second workshop revolved around questions of participates in knowledge production and who has access and control of that knowledge across institutions and systems of power. It foregrounds the stories we tell as historians change when we look beyond economically valuable objects and consider the roles that Indigenous communities, women, or working-class amateurs played in the construction of colonial collections, and speculates on how can we design for and visualize the challenges of doing justice to the representation of historically excluded actors.

Attendees

Apart from ourselves, Laura Briscoe was also present to give the attendees a quick overview of the background surrounding the Mitten Archives and the importance of moss collections. Our attendees for this workshop were selected from a pool of applicants for their interests working with scientific subjects and histories, and new and emerging media technologies, incorporating both into creative processes, practices and projects.

Geoff Bil (Historian of science, translation studies, botany)

Marti Louw (Human-computer interaction, educational technologist)

Elizabeth Henaff (Biologist, Bio-art and biodesign)

Amelia Merced (Botanist, plant biology, bryophytes)

Leila McNeill (University of Oklahoma, historian, gender, popular cultures of science, feminism)

Brad Scott (British Bryological Society, Sussex mosses)

Taylor Dysart (History and sociology of science, Latin America, beyond human beings)

Alison Laurence (Historian and museum professional, animal studies, deep time)

Anthony Acciavatti (Architect, landscape, history of science and technology)

The Workshop

Prior to the workshop day, we sent each of our attendees a set of three texts each of the principal investigators had written thinking about the topic of scale, as a way to get our attendees thinking and inspire them.

In her piece, Subject Awareness, Elaine traces the subjects marginal or only alluded to in William Mitten’s curated bryophyte collections: expats like Richard Spruce who commissioned unnamed and unknown indigenous collectors, and women collectors and taxonomists like Flora Mitten, who is someone nameable among so many other anonymous contributors. She reflects on the labor and practices that attempt to bring to light, or fill in the gaps, in the stories and histories around moss collections. 

Tega Brain’s essay, Missing Datasets, continues this theme in her discussion of the absence of significant actors from collections, archives, and databases. Tega begins by pointing to the lack of attention to subjects impacted through the technological infrastructures that are themselves invisible, yet instrumental, in supporting contemporary forms of life, such as people who live on the lands where data servers are held and maintained. In taking up the artist Mimi Onuaha’s concept of ‘missing datasets’, she ponders on the possibility of representation to point to absences that cannot be filled in historical datasets.

In Bryophyte Sight, Ahmed Ansari plays with the idea of the trace, or the way that the invisible past still continues to glean through the present. Noting how the almost entirely invisible figure of the native collector - in his view, a subaltern subject that cannot speak through the archives - nevertheless ‘speaks’ as trace in the practices of modern botanical observation and analysis, through the ways in which botanists and curators alike translate moss into what we know about it.

Pre-Workshop Materials

Where and how do the themes we’ve raised (or similar ones) emerge in your own work?

Each attendee was given 20 minutes within which to quickly list down any thoughts on how the issues that we were dealing with in relation to moss and its archives showed up in their own work. Afterwards, we held a 45 minute discussion around what they had put down, and several core themes emerged:

  • The marginalization of certain (gendered, racialized, nonhuman) subjects relegated to the peripheries of archives

  • De-centering the normative (white, male, elite) historical actor and their point of view 

  • Institutional hierarchies (of control, between different disciplines, actors contributing to knowledge) & power asymmetries in knowledge production

  • Issues of invisible or erased labor, or undervalued labor, practices that contribute to this devaluation, including citational practices, and questions of how we value differently in curatorial practice

  • Supporting different vernaculars and naming conventions in developing knowledge and creating archives

  • The repatriation of collection specimens to their countries of origin and supporting scholars and curators in countries that don’t have ample resources

  • Forms and genres of developing archival narratives, including the fantastic, the spectacular, and discussing the role of aesthetics in knowledge production

How do we now think about digitization and digital tools, digital archives and collections, and the experience of using them?

The second exercise had participants once again spending 20 minutes putting down their ideas for how they might address the concerns they had raised in the last exercise through new possibilities in designing digital archive experiences. Following this we had another 45 minute moderated discussion, after which we then concluded the workshop. Some interesting observations that came out of the exercise:

  • How to balance out the affordances between compartmentalisation of data points/ information display and the observed non-linearity and multiplicity of living "materials" that are to be represented?

  • Independent bryologists, university academics, citizens etc. as sources of visual images, and the repatriation of specimens from museums in the North to the South

  • How much information should be captured in digitized specimens - should specific locality info on labels for rare/endangered endemics or CITES-listed organisms be featured?

  • Thinking of information in terms of different flows and spaces: crevices, cracks, estuaries, gutters etc.

  • Unintentional but functional archives, e.g game environments created with 3D scanning

  • “Bog archives”, or archives with 'extreme' nature (ph, nitrogen etc.) make them exceptional time-machines

You can download the texts here

After a presentation by the principal investigators and Laura Briscoe giving the attendees much-needed context and some background for the project, we had devised two exercises - conducted in Miro - to get discussions going. Over our presentation, we introduced and asked the participants to think through a set of themes and prompts that we had provided:

How do the stories that we tell as historians change when we look beyond economically valuable objects and consider the roles that indigenous communities, women, and working-class amateurs played in the construction of colonial artifacts?

How can we design for and visualize the challenges of doing justice to the representation of historically excluded actors?

How might techniques and genres taken from the arts help us imagine and develop new ways of filling in missing or erased historical narratives, and imagine scientific and humanities practice along other lines?

Workshop Themes & Prompts